 |
Representing relationships with nodes
To allow us to attach properties to instances of relationships, relationships must themselves have a node.

In the above diagram, the white circle in between (person) and (eye) is itself a node, and so we're back to being able to represent a relationship with a simple directed graph.
We can represent this notationally like this:
Complex relationships
How could we model "has zero or more"? One possibility:

This could be represented textually as:
|
|
 |